Basic Tutorial Shell Scripting on UNIX : Ronny Fahrudin
Unix/Linux is an operating system like Windows, iOS, and macOS. Unix is capable of handling activities from multiple users at the same time. Unix is developed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchi started around 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs. In Unix, there is a terminal like a command prompt in windows. That’s terminal is used to shell scripting. So, let’s practice basic scripting in UNIX/Linux. In here we practice about:
Creat file and that's content
Copy file and rename file
Deleting file file
Create directory
Copy and rename the directory
Rename Directory
Remove Directory
1. Creating firstfile.txt and this content
To open a terminal you can press “ Ctrl + T ” your keyboard. In here i want to make file in desktop. So, write “cd Desktop” then enter.
a. ls
to see what folder or file in Desktop you can write “ls” then enter.
b. touch
we can see, in my desktop there file like an autopsy, Block0n-0ff, Caja-Root, Disk Imager Mounter, Guymager, Keyboard changer, Network, the ubiquity. Let’s try to make a file txt. You can write syntax “touch firstfile.txt” then enter. Then see again in the desktop directory with “ls” then enter.
create file.txt
c. cat
So, we can see there is a new file firstfile.txt in desktop. Lets to see to the content of the first file with write syntax “cat firstfile.txt”
d. vim
there is no content in firstfile.txt. Then to write content in that’s a file, we have to write syntax “vim firstfile.txt”
write content
you will seem like that’s and we’re ready to write content.
canvas to write file.txt
to write in that’s area we have to press “insert” in our keyboard until you see — INSERT — in the bottom. then you ready to write. I try to write “hello, how are you? hope you always find.”
write content
e. :wq
then we have to save that’s content and try to quit. Press “esc” until — insert — doesn’t exist. then write “:wq” enter.
save and quit
So we ready to see in the terminal. Write again “cat firsfile.txt”. Then you will see the content.
That’s all the steps to create the file and this content.
2. Copy and rename the second file
a. cp
The next step is to copy and renames the first file. txt. The command to copying file is “cp name_file name_file_copy”. So, in here we want to copy firstfile.txt, that's the command:
copy file
let’s see what’s the content of firstfile_copy.txt. It’s must same the firstfile.txt content.
validate copying
So, we see that firsfile.txt and firstfile_copy are the same contents. We’re success to duplicate the file. The next, we rename the firstfile_copy.txt become secondfile.txt.
b. mv
to rename file we use command “mv name file namefile_new”. that’s the command:
rename file
we chek again with command cat so that we actually rename the right file.
checking renamed file
Greats, we success to rename the file. Because the content still name and the name file different name with secondfile.txt.
3. Delete file a. rm
when we want to delete the file, we use the command “rm namefile”. So let's see the picture:
list of folder and file
in here we’re want to delete firstfile.txt that’s the command “rm firstfile.txt” then we see the list of folder and file again with “ls” command.
result delete
Now, we can’t see firstfile.txt again.
4. Make New Directory a. mkdir
to make new directory we use command “mkdir name_directory”. and we try to see the new directory with “ls”. see the picture!
make new directory
on that picture, we have a new directory with the name new folder. Then to make a subdirectory in new folder we can use the command “mkdir -p newfolder/newdir1”. Lets’ access the new folder with “cd newfolder” then write “ls” we can see the folder newdir1. that’s the example command in the picture:
make sub directory
5. Copy, Rename Directory a. cp -r
to copy a directory we use command “cp -r name_directory name_dir_to_copy”. In here we copy a directory new folder like above. that’s the command:
copy directory
on the picture above, i write “cp -r new folder newfolder_copy”. we cope new folder becomes a “newfolder_copy”. And we can see we have folder new folder and “newfolder_copy”. It means we succeeded to copy file.
6. Rename Directory a. mv
to rename directory we use again command “mv”. from the name of newfolder become folder_renamed. That’s the example command:
rename file
then we check again with ls. we can’t see newfolder_copy, but find folder_renamed. It’s mean we succeeded rename file.
7. Remove Directory a. rm -r
to remove directory we use command “rm -r name_directory”. Then we chek again with “ls”. This is the example picture below.
remove directory
we can’t find a new folder in the list. So, we success deleting directory.
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